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cosmology Articles | Developments Today

Some of the earliest galaxies that cosmologists have yet to detect. Credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA, HST Frontier Fields.

Cosmic Dawn Within Reach: JWST Reveals Universe's First Stars

JWST survey of 0.6 sq deg sky shows steep drop in galaxy formation at 150-200 Myr after Big Bang.
Cosmologist Richard Ellis (UCL) has been studying distant universe for 58 years.
Early galaxies are tiny, 30x smaller than Milky Way, only 60-70 ly across.
Study published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2026).

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DT Editorial Team·Jun 11, 2026·via universetoday.com

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To discover new physics, AI may need to 'unlearn' the old one

AI May Need to 'Unlearn' Old Physics to Discover New Cosmic Laws

Transfer learning can reduce computational cost of cosmological simulations by up to 90%.
AI systems pretrained on standard ΛCDM model may become biased and miss signs of new physics.
Study published in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics uses Quijote simulations.
Researchers suggest developing methods to help AI 'unlearn' irrelevant knowledge.

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DT Editorial Team·Jun 10, 2026·via phys.org

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A section of the COSMOS-Web map, zoom x4. Credit: COSMOS-Web Collaboration.

JWST map traces the cosmic web back toward the universe’s first billion years

Researchers used JWST data to create a highly detailed map of the cosmic web.
The map traces structure back to around 1 billion years after the Big Bang.
COSMOS-Web is the largest of Webb’s Cycle 1 General Observation programs.

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DT Editorial Team·Jun 5, 2026·via universetoday.com

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A deep space photo with a boxout to the left encircling a smear of blue and purple light.

James Webb Spots a Remarkably Primitive Early Galaxy

Astronomers identified LAP1-B as the most metal-poor early-universe galaxy observed so far.
The galaxy dates to roughly 800 million years after the Big Bang.
Webb spectroscopy and gravitational lensing enabled the characterization.

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DT Editorial Team·Jun 1, 2026·via livescience.com

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This artist's illustration shows a supermassive black hole (SMBH) in the early Universe. The JWST found galaxies in the very early Universe that were extremely massive compared to their host galaxies. New research has an explanation for those puzzling findings. Image Credit: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva (Spaceengine)

A new theory aims to explain why JWST keeps finding oversized black holes in the early universe

JWST found early galaxies with black holes far larger than expected relative to host mass.
A new paper proposes an explanation for these overmassive black hole galaxies.
The findings challenge standard ideas of synchronized galaxy and black hole growth.

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DT Editorial Team·May 19, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·May 19, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·May 18, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·May 18, 2026·via livescience.com

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DT Editorial Team·May 16, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·May 16, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 29, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 28, 2026·via livescience.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 28, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 27, 2026·via newscientist.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 19, 2026·via newscientist.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 18, 2026·via gizmodo.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 17, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 17, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 16, 2026·via universetoday.com

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DT Editorial Team·Apr 16, 2026·via livescience.com

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Roger Penrose, who pointed out that Hawking's prediction of a smooth, low-entropy early universe was less a prediction than an assumption baked in from the start. (CC BY-SA 2.0, Solarflare100 / Wikimedia Commons)

Why the 'no-boundary' universe remains unresolved even decades after Hawking

The no-boundary proposal still lacks support from a finished theory of quantum gravity.
The model’s most probable universe appears somewhat smaller and less inflationary than the observed cosmos.
Critics argue the proposal may assume, rather than explain, the low-entropy early universe.

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This illustration shows the early Universe's progression into the Epoch of Reionization. This is when the first stars and galaxies ionized hydrogen and changed the Universe from opaque to translucent. The new TIME instrument is poised to study this time with a new technique. Image Credit: ESA / C. Carreau. LICENCE: ESA Standard Licence

TIME begins probing the early universe with line-intensity mapping

TIME is mounted on a 12-meter radio telescope at Kitt Peak Observatory.
The instrument uses line-intensity mapping to gather light from many faint galaxies at once.
Researchers have released the first results from the instrument’s commissioning observations.

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JWST’s New Cosmic Web Map Traces the Universe’s Hidden Framework in Unprecedented Detail

Astronomers used JWST survey data to build the most detailed map yet of the cosmic web.
The reconstruction links galaxy evolution to the universe’s large-scale structure across deep time.
The work gives researchers a stronger observational basis for testing models of cosmic growth.

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John Wheeler (right) with Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker, Bengt Strömgren, and Stefan Rozental in 1963. Wheeler co-developed the equation that treats the entire universe as a quantum object. (Public domain, Niels Bohr Library &amp; Archives)

A quantum-cosmology classic is back in the spotlight as physicists revisit the universe's beginning

Universe Today revisits the singularity problem and why general relativity fails at the universe's apparent beginning.
The article highlights the Wheeler-DeWitt equation as an early attempt to treat the entire universe as a quantum object.
It sets up Stephen Hawking's later argument that the question of a beginning may itself break down under quantum cosmology.

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A simulation of the formation of dark matter structures from the early universe until today. Credit: Ralf Kaehler/SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory/American Museum of Natural History

New dark matter model aims to connect three long-standing cosmic puzzles

A UC Riverside-led study proposes self-interacting dark matter as a common explanation for three anomalies.
The model focuses on dense compact cores created through gravothermal collapse.
The idea could connect observations from gravitational lenses, stellar streams, and satellite systems.

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A map of the quasars, galaxies, and stars that DESI mapped out over the course of its five year survey. Credit - DESI collaboration and KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Proctor

DESI Finishes Its Largest 3D Map Yet and Deepens Questions About Dark Energy

DESI completed its five-year main survey on April 14 after mapping 47 million galaxies and quasars.
The instrument outperformed its original target of more than 34 million galaxies.
Early DESI results hint dark energy may evolve over time rather than remain constant.

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A ball of yellow and pink sits behind a wall of pink gas with ripples of black and green gridded fabric in the foreground.

AI Cosmology Tool Promises Sharper View of How the Universe Changes

Researchers describe a new AI approach intended to improve reconstruction of cosmic change from observational data.
The method targets a known weakness in genetic algorithms: unstable estimates of derivatives and other nonobservable quantities.
If validated, the technique could strengthen tests of the standard cosmological model and help probe unresolved tensions in the field.

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Researchers are using DESI’s huge 3D map to study dark energy. Earth is at the center of this map, and every point is a galaxy. (Credit: DESI collaboration and KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/R. Proctor)

DESI’s 47 Million-Galaxy Map Pushes Dark Energy Research Into a New Scale

DESI has produced the largest 3D map of the universe described in the source material.
The survey uses galaxy positions and distance measurements to trace dark matter-linked cosmic structure.
Researchers are using the data to probe dark energy, with observations set to continue through 2028.

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100-year-old assumption about the universe may soon be overturned

Three New Analyses Are Challenging a Core Assumption of Cosmology

Three preprints challenge the assumption that the universe is homogeneous and isotropic on very large scales.
A new test uses supernova and matter-density observations and should return zero if FLRW holds.
Researchers applying the test to existing data reported a clear nonzero result.

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The rise, the fall and the rebound of cyclic cosmology

Cyclic Cosmology Is Back in the Conversation as New Data Reopens an Old Question

Cyclic cosmology proposes that the universe expands, collapses and begins again.
The idea had fallen out of favor but is gaining renewed attention.
New discussion is being driven in part by DESI’s large-scale mapping of the universe.

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Not Even the Largest Cosmic Objects Can Escape Newton and Einstein, Study Finds

A gravity test at cosmic scale adds weight to the dark matter picture

The article says a large new study found cosmic-scale observations remain consistent with standard gravity.
That weakens explanations based solely on modifying gravity at large scales.
The result strengthens the indirect case for dark matter without directly detecting it.

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This illustration depicts a gas halo surrounding a quasar in the early Universe. Credit: M. Kornmesser/ESO

Astronomers Find Tens of Thousands of Giant Hydrogen Halos Around Early Galaxies

HETDEX researchers identified tens of thousands of hydrogen gas halos around early galaxies
The halos date to roughly 10 to 12 billion years ago
The result supports models that early galaxies grew inside large hydrogen reservoirs

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The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole, 2023. IceCube Collaboration / NSF. CC BY-SA 4.0.

The Majorana Question Still Haunts Neutrino Physics

The source revisits Ettore Majorana’s idea that neutral particles may be their own antiparticles
Neutrinos are prime candidates because they carry no electric charge
The unresolved Dirac-versus-Majorana question remains one of particle physics’ major open problems

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The Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope(Credit : Cornell University)

Chile’s New Submillimeter Telescope Opens With Ambitions to Map the Early Universe Faster Than Ever

The Fred Young Submillimeter Telescope was inaugurated on April 9 atop Cerro Chajnantor in Chile.
Its Prime Cam instrument will use more than 100,000 superconducting detectors.
The telescope is designed to map the sky more than ten times faster than previous submillimeter observatories.

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Artist

The universe’s expansion problem still resists the standard model

A new study combining decades of cosmological research still finds conflicting expansion-rate measurements.
The persistence of the mismatch suggests something may be missing from the standard model.
The result strengthens the Hubble-tension debate rather than resolving it.

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