Podcast

Joel David Hamkins is a mathematician and philosopher specializing in set theory, the foundations of mathematics, and the nature of infinity, and he’s the #1 highest-rated user on MathOverflow. He is also the author of several books, including Proof and the Art of Mathematics and Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics. And he has a great blog called Infinitely More. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep488-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/joel-david-hamkins-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://x.com/JDHamkins https://jdh.hamkins.org https://www.infinitelymore.xyz https://mathoverflow.net/users/1946/joel-david-hamkins https://jdh.hamkins.org/publications https://amzn.to/3MThaAt https://amzn.to/3YACc9A SPONSORS: Perplexity:

Joel David Hamkins is a mathematician and philosopher specializing in set theory, the foundations of mathematics, and the nature of infinity, and he’s the #1 highest-rated user on MathOverflow. He is also the author of several books, including Proof and the Art of Mathematics and Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics. And he has a great blog called Infinitely More. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep488-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/joel-david-hamkins-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://x.com/JDHamkins https://jdh.hamkins.org https://www.infinitelymore.xyz https://mathoverflow.net/users/1946/joel-david-hamkins https://jdh.hamkins.org/publications https://amzn.to/3MThaAt https://amzn.to/3YACc9A SPONSORS: Perplexity:

with Kevin Roose

Kevin recently joined the hosts of The Wirecutter Show for a conversation about the A.I. products he’s using, strategies to make chatbots work better and his beloved robot vacuums Bruce Roose and Bruce Roose Deuce. It’s a conversation we think Hard Fork listeners will enjoy. We’ll be back in your feeds with our annual tech resolutions episode on Friday. Additional Reading Tips for Using A.I. Smarter With Hard Fork’s Kevin Roose We want to hear from you. Email us at hardfork@nytimes.com. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via your favorite podcast app here https://www.nytimes.com/activate-access/audio?source=podcatcher. For more podcasts and narrated articles, download The New York Times app at nytimes.com/app. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

This episode is a special replay from The Generalist Podcast, featuring a conversation with a16z General Partner Martin Casado. Martin has lived through multiple tech waves as a founder, researcher, and investor, and in this discussion he shares how he thinks about the AI boom, why he believes we’re still early in the cycle, and how a market-first lens shapes his approach to investing. They also dig into the mechanics behind the scenes: why AI coding could become a multi-trillion-dollar market, how a16z evolved from a small generalist firm into a specialized organization, the growing role of open-source models, and why Martin believes AGI debates often obscure more meaningful questions about how technology actually creates value. Follow Mario Gabriele X: https://x.com/mariogabriele https://www.generalist.com/ Follow Martin Casado: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/martincasado/ X: https://x.com/martin_casado The Generalist Substack: https://www.generalist.com/ The Generalist on You

This episode is a special replay from The Generalist Podcast, featuring a conversation with a16z General Partner Martin Casado. Martin has lived through multiple tech waves as a founder, researcher, and investor, and in this discussion he shares how he thinks about the AI boom, why he believes we’re still early in the cycle, and how a market-first lens shapes his approach to investing. They also dig into the mechanics behind the scenes: why AI coding could become a multi-trillion-dollar market, how a16z evolved from a small generalist firm into a specialized organization, the growing role of open-source models, and why Martin believes AGI debates often obscure more meaningful questions about how technology actually creates value. Follow Mario Gabriele X: https://x.com/mariogabriele https://www.generalist.com/ Follow Martin Casado: LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/martincasado/ X: https://x.com/martin_casado The Generalist Substack: https://www.generalist.com/ The Generalist on You

The leaders of the biggest A.I. labs argue that artificial intelligence will usher in a new era of scientific discovery, which will help us cure diseases and accelerate our ability to address the climate crisis. But what has A.I. actually done for science so far? To understand, we asked Sam Rodriques, a scientist turned technologist who is developing A.I. tools for scientific research through his nonprofit FutureHouse and a for-profit spinoff, Edison Scientific. Edison recently released Kosmos — an A.I. agent, or A.I. scientist to use the company’s language, that it says can accomplish six months of doctoral or postdoctoral-level research in a single 12-hour run. Sam walks us through how Kosmos works, and why tools like it could dramatically speed up data analysis. But he also discusses why some of the most audacious claims about A.I. curing disease are unrealistic, as well as what bottlenecks still stand in the way of a true A.I.-accelerated future. Guest: Sam Rodriques, founder and c

What if the next leap in artificial intelligence isn’t about better language—but better understanding of space? In this episode, a16z General Partner Erik Torenberg moderates a conversation with Fei-Fei Li, cofounder and CEO of World Labs, and a16z General Partner Martin Casado, an early investor in the company. Together, they dive into the concept of world models—AI systems that can understand and reason about the 3D, physical world, not just generate text. Often called the “godmother of AI,” Fei-Fei explains why spatial intelligence is a fundamental and still-missing piece of today’s AI—and why she’s building an entire company to solve it. Martin shares how he and Fei-Fei aligned on this vision long before it became fashionable, and why it could reshape the future of robotics, creativity, and computational interfaces. From the limits of LLMs to the promise of embodied intelligence, this conversation blends personal stories with deep technical insights—exploring what it really means t

This week, iRobot, the pioneering American robotics company behind the Roomba, filed for bankruptcy and announced that it would be taken over by its Chinese creditor. Colin Angle, a co-founder and a former longtime chief executive of the company, joins us to explain why the company lost its market dominance and what America should do to protect its newest crop of A.I. and robotics start-ups from the same fate. Then, we settle the score on our high, medium and low predictions from last year and lay down our new ones — including a spicy take on who will take over after Tim Cook at Apple. And finally, we wish all of our listeners a very happy holiday season with our annual tech-themed Christmas carol. Guest: Colin Angle, iRobot co-founder and former chief executive for over three decades. Additional Reading: Roomba Maker iRobot Files for Bankruptcy, With Chinese Supplier Taking Control iRobot Is in Trouble, but Roomba Is Already Dead Our 2025 Tech Predictions and Resolutions We want to he

In today’s episode, we sit down with Dr. Tamil Selvan Muthusamy, an interventional cardiologist trained in the UK and Europe, now practicing in Kuala Lumpur, to explore what may be the most important advance in cardiology in the last two decades: a new “bioadaptive” stent that actually moves and remodels with your arteries. We dive into why traditional rigid stents fail over time, how this new design dramatically cuts repeat heart events, and what it means for the millions of people worldwide living with coronary artery disease. Also, don’t forget to subscribe to IE+ for premium insights and exclusive content!

a16z's Martin Casado sits down with Shikhar Shrestha, CEO and cofounder of Ambient, the company bringing agentic AI to physical security. Shikhar shares how a traumatic armed robbery at age 12—and a security camera that no one was watching—sparked his mission to make every camera intelligent. They discuss how Ambient's AI monitors camera feeds in real-time to detect threats and prevent incidents before they happen, navigating COVID as a physical security company, building their own reasoning VLM called Pulsar, and why the future of security is AI not just detecting threats but automatically responding to them. If you enjoyed this episode, please be sure to like, subscribe, and share with your friends. Follow Shikhar on X: https://x.com/shikharshrestha Follow Martin on X: x.com/martin_casado Check out everything a16z is doing with artificial intelligence here, including articles, projects, and more podcasts. Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NO

Irving Finkel is a scholar of ancient languages and a longtime curator at the British Museum, renowned for his expertise in Mesopotamian history and cuneiform writing. He specializes in reading and interpreting cuneiform inscriptions, including tablets from Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian contexts. He became widely known for studying a tablet with a Mesopotamian flood story that predates the biblical Noah narrative, which he presented in his book “The Ark Before Noah” and in a documentary that involved building a circular ark based on the tablet’s technical instructions. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep487-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/irving-finkel-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://www.instagram.com/

This week, Australia implemented the most aggressive social media ban in a democracy to date, kicking children under 16 off 10 of the most popular social platforms. We discuss how the platforms lost the argument around child safety and whether others will follow Australia’s lead. Then, the blogger Andy Masley joins us to separate fact from fiction on the topic of A.I. water use. Is it a distraction from other more pressing environmental concerns? And finally, our first-ever “Hard Fork” Wrapped: We break down our favorite “Hard Fork” stats from 2025 and bring you up to date on three of our biggest stories of the year. Guests: Andy Masley, blogger The Weird Turn Pro Additional Reading: A Grand Social Media Experiment Begins in Australia The A.I. water issue is fake Why Is Everyone So Wrong About A.I. Water Use? Trump Signs Executive Order to Neuter State A.I. Laws Trump Clears Sale of More Powerful Nvidia A.I. Chips to China We Asked Roblox’s C.E.O. About Child Safety. It Got Tense. We w

This week, Australia implemented the most aggressive social media ban in a democracy to date, kicking children under 16 off 10 of the most popular social platforms. We discuss how the platforms lost the argument around child safety and whether others will follow Australia’s lead. Then, the blogger Andy Masley joins us to separate fact from fiction on the topic of A.I. water use. Is it a distraction from other more pressing environmental concerns? And finally, our first-ever “Hard Fork” Wrapped: We break down our favorite “Hard Fork” stats from 2025 and bring you up to date on three of our biggest stories of the year. Guests: Andy Masley, blogger The Weird Turn Pro Additional Reading: A Grand Social Media Experiment Begins in Australia The A.I. water issue is fake Why Is Everyone So Wrong About A.I. Water Use? Trump Signs Executive Order to Neuter State A.I. Laws Trump Clears Sale of More Powerful Nvidia A.I. Chips to China We Asked Roblox’s C.E.O. About Child Safety. It Got Tense. We w

Matt Knight spent five years as OpenAI’s CISO. Now he runs what colleagues call “the most interesting job at the company”: leading Aardvark, an AI agent that finds security vulnerabilities the way a human researcher would—by reading code, writing tests, and proposing patches. It recently found a memory corruption bug in OpenSSH, one of the most heavily audited codebases in existence. In this conversation with a16z’s Joel de la Garza, Matt traces the evolution from GPT-3 (which couldn’t analyze security logs at all) to GPT-4 (which could parse Russian cybercriminal chat logs written in slang) to today’s models that discover bugs humans have missed for decades. They also discussed the XZ Utils backdoor that nearly compromised half the internet and why 3.5 million unfilled security jobs might finally get some relief, and how Aardvark could give open source maintainers a fighting chance against nation-state attackers. If you enjoyed this episode, please be sure to like, subscribe, and shar

It’s A.I. model rollout season in Silicon Valley, and OpenAI appears to be feeling the pressure. Sam Altman, the chief executive of OpenAI, sent a memo to staff on Monday declaring a “code red” effort to improve ChatGPT and delay other initiatives. We explain why the latest frontier models from Google and Anthropic have OpenAI spooked and how the company is reshuffling priorities to respond. Then, we give our honest thoughts on which A.I models we like best and share how we’re using A.I. in our day-to-day lives. And finally, we take a look at some of the most popular A.I.-generated content on the internet this week in our latest installment of the Hard Fork Review of Slop. Additional Reading: What OpenAI Did When ChatGPT Users Lost Touch With Reality Google Unveils Gemini 3, With Improved Coding and Search Abilities Tourists Tricked by Fake Royal Christmas Market Deepfake of North Carolina lawmaker used in award-winning Whirlpool video We want to hear from you. Email us at hardfork@nyt

Most companies still rely on dashboards to understand their data, even though AI now offers new ways to ask questions and explore information. Barry McCardel, CEO of Hex and former engineer at Palantir, joins a16z General Partner Sarah Wang to discuss how agent workflows, conversational interfaces, and context-aware models are reshaping analysis. Barry also explains how Hex aims to make everyone a data person by unifying analysis and AI in one workflow, and he reflects on his post about getting rid of their AI product team and the process behind Hex’s funny launch videos. Timecodes: 0:00 – The problem with dashboards 1:20 – The evolution of data teams and AI’s role 2:05 – Democratizing data: challenges and opportunities 3:45 – The rise of agentive workflows 9:48 – Threads and the changing UI of data analysis 13:16 – Building AI agents: lessons from the notebook agent 16:12 – Model capabilities and the future of AI in data 19:10 – The importance of context and trust in data analysis 24:

In this episode of Lexicon, we speak with Dr. Péter Fankhauser, CEO of ANYbotics, and Jasmine Assefi, Key Account Manager for Oil, Gas, and Chemicals, about how robotics is transforming operations at Equinor’s Northern Lights CO₂ storage project—the world’s first open-access carbon transport and storage facility. Together, they explore how “Roberta,” an ANYbotics robot deployed by Equinor, is redefining industrial autonomy, safety, and sustainability. Also, don’t forget to subscribe to IE+ for premium insights and exclusive content!

Ian Webster built PromptFoo after watching 200 million Discord users systematically dismantle his AI agent—now Fortune 10 companies pay him to break theirs before customers do. The "lethal trifecta" sounds academic until you realize it's already happening: untrusted input plus sensitive data plus an exfiltration channel equals the security incident that just cost a SaaS company its multi-tenancy guarantees. Webster's red-teaming agents don't use signatures—they have 30,000 conversations with your system, socially engineering their way past guardrails the same way a teenager with emojis convinced ChatGPT to leak data, except his tools find the vulnerability before your users become the pen testers. Follow Ian Webster on X: https://x.com/iwebst Follow Joel on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/3448827723723234/ Check out everything a16z is doing with artificial intelligence here, including articles, projects, and more podcasts. Please note that the content here is for informational pu

Michael Levin is a biologist at Tufts University working on novel ways to understand and control complex pattern formation in biological systems. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep486-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/michael-levin-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://x.com/drmichaellevin https://drmichaellevin.org https://drmichaellevin.org/publications/ https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00880 https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.05375 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38636560/ https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10346 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abf1571 SPONSORS: Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. https://coderabbit.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://dr

Last year we debuted Hard Fork’s 100 Most Iconic Technologies list, in which we ranked the technologies from across all of history that best define life as we know it. To our surprise, it became one of our most popular episodes ever. So now we’re doing it again — with a twist. All year, we’ve been collecting ideas for the 50 Most Iconic Technologies of 2025, and this week we present them to you, along with our case for why each entry played an important part in defining this year, for better or worse. Additional Reading: Check out last year’s list: Hard Fork’s 100 Most Iconic Technologies Meet the Artist Who Bedazzled Naomi Osaka’s Labubus We want to hear from you. Email us at hardfork@nytimes.com. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via your favorite podcast app here https://www.nytimes.com/activate-access/audio?source=podcatcher. For more podcasts and narrated articles, download The N