Podcasts

In this episode of Lexicon, we sit down with IEEE Fellow Dr. Karen Panetta, Dean of Graduate Education at Tufts University and co-inventor of the first digital twin. From AI ethics to the soft skills engineers are missing, she argues that engineering education is overdue for a serious overhaul. Why are we still training students to pass exams instead of solving real-world problems? And in an age of generative AI, what does it actually mean to think and design like an engineer? Also, don’t forget to subscribe to IE+ for premium insights and exclusive content!

Elena Burger and Matt Bornstein are joined by Simon Mo, co-founder and CEO of Inferact, the open-source inference engine powering many of today's most advanced AI applications. Together, they explore how open-source AI evolved from a research project into critical infrastructure, why inference has become one of the most important layers of the AI stack, and what it takes to bring frontier intelligence to developers around the world. The conversation covers vLLM's origins, the rise of open-weight models, why companies increasingly want control over their AI infrastructure, and how open-source inference enables the next generation of AI applications. They also discuss model licensing, the economics of open-weight AI, Kimi K3, distillation, AI infrastructure, and why Simon believes the gap between open and closed models is rapidly disappearing. Resources: Follow Simon Mo on X: https://x.com/simon_mo_ Follow Matt Bornstein on X: https://x.com/BornsteinMatt Follow Elena Burger on X: https:/

Elena Burger and Matt Bornstein are joined by Simon Mo, co-founder and CEO of Inferact, the open-source inference engine powering many of today's most advanced AI applications. Together, they explore how open-source AI evolved from a research project into critical infrastructure, why inference has become one of the most important layers of the AI stack, and what it takes to bring frontier intelligence to developers around the world. The conversation covers vLLM's origins, the rise of open-weight models, why companies increasingly want control over their AI infrastructure, and how open-source inference enables the next generation of AI applications. They also discuss model licensing, the economics of open-weight AI, Kimi K3, distillation, AI infrastructure, and why Simon believes the gap between open and closed models is rapidly disappearing. Resources: Follow Simon Mo on X: https://x.com/simon_mo_ Follow Matt Bornstein on X: https://x.com/BornsteinMatt Follow Elena Burger on X: https:/

Elena Burger and Matt Bornstein are joined by Simon Mo, co-founder and CEO of Inferact, the open-source inference engine powering many of today's most advanced AI applications. Together, they explore how open-source AI evolved from a research project into critical infrastructure, why inference has become one of the most important layers of the AI stack, and what it takes to bring frontier intelligence to developers around the world. The conversation covers vLLM's origins, the rise of open-weight models, why companies increasingly want control over their AI infrastructure, and how open-source inference enables the next generation of AI applications. They also discuss model licensing, the economics of open-weight AI, Kimi K3, distillation, AI infrastructure, and why Simon believes the gap between open and closed models is rapidly disappearing. Resources: Follow Simon Mo on X: https://x.com/simon_mo_ Follow Matt Bornstein on X: https://x.com/BornsteinMatt Follow Elena Burger on X: https:/

This week, a16z American Dynamism Films premiered three short documentaries highlighting companies tackling some of America's biggest industrial challenges: Ulysses, Mariana Materials, and Radiant. Before watching those films, we're revisiting conversations with the founders behind each company. You'll hear Will O'Brien explain why autonomous underwater robots could unlock a new era of ocean exploration and security, Turner Caldwell discuss rebuilding America's critical minerals supply chain and modernizing mining, and Doug Bernauer share why portable nuclear microreactors could transform how we generate power. Together, these conversations offer a look at the technologies—and the founders—working to rebuild the industrial foundations of the United States. Resources: Follow Will O'Brien on X: https://x.com/Willob Follow Turner Caldwell on X: https://x.com/tbc415 Follow Doug Bernauer on X: https://x.com/dougbernauer Follow Erin Price-Wright on X: https://x.com/espricewright Follow Ryan

Theo Jaffee is joined by Joshua Achiam, Chief Futurist at OpenAI, for a conversation on AI cybersecurity, frontier model capabilities, and why he believes society may have already crossed the threshold into an AGI-era without fully recognizing it. They discuss AI's rapidly advancing cyber capabilities, state-sponsored hacking, model jailbreaks, recursive self-improvement, and what happens when AI systems begin discovering vulnerabilities faster than humans can patch them. Joshua also explains why most people have quietly adapted to capabilities that would have seemed unimaginable just a few years ago, and why the biggest changes from AI may arrive gradually rather than all at once. Resources: Follow Joshua Achiam on X: https://x.com/jachiam0 Follow Theo Jaffee on X: https://x.com/theojaffee Follow MTS on X: https://x.com/mtslive Stay Updated: Find a16z on YouTube: YouTube Find a16z on X Find a16z on LinkedIn Listen to the a16z Show on Spotify Listen to the a16z Show on Apple Podcasts F

Sophia Dew and Sofia Puccini are joined by Ruby Thelot, designer, artist, cyberethnographer, professor at NYU, and founder of 13101401, for a wide-ranging conversation about internet culture, AI, digital communities, and how technology is reshaping the way we relate to one another. Drawing on years of research into online behavior, Ruby explains how digital cultures form, why algorithms shape more than just what we see, and what AI is changing about creativity, communication, and identity. They discuss cyberethnography, online subcultures, "machinic taste," AI companions, social norms, internet language, and why Americans often say they dislike AI—even as they increasingly rely on it in everyday life. Resources: Follow Ruby X: https://x.com/being_on_line Substack: https://beingonline.substack.com/ Follow Sophia on X: https://x.com/sophiadew Follow Sofia on X: https://x.com/schisofrenia Follow MTS on X: https://x.com/mtslive Stay Updated: Find a16z on YouTube: YouTube Find a16z on X Fin

Marc Andreessen, Chris Dixon, and Robert Hackett discuss one of the most consequential policy debates facing the crypto industry: the push for comprehensive U.S. market structure legislation and what regulatory clarity could mean for innovation, financial markets, and America's technological leadership. They explore the CLARITY Act, stablecoins, securities law, consumer protection, and why both builders and financial institutions are calling for clear rules of the road. Along the way, they discuss the lessons of the early internet, FTX, open financial networks, and why they believe thoughtful regulation can strengthen innovation rather than slow it down. Resources: Follow Marc Andreessen on X: https://x.com/pmarca Follow Chris Dixon on X: https://x.com/cdixon Follow Robert Hackett on X: https://x.com/rhackett Follow a16z Crypto on X: https://x.com/a16zcrypto Why Bitcoin matters: https://a16z.com/why-bitcoin-matters/ What builders need to know about the CLARITY Act: https://a16zcrypto.c

This week, we break down the arguments about open-weight models unfolding in Silicon Valley right now. Nvidia released an open letter signed by over 230 companies opposing “premature restrictions,” but will the Trump administration listen? Then, we’re joined by the author Claire Stapleton to discuss her new book about what she learned while leading employee activism inside Google. And finally, can Substack stop the slop? We’ll talk about the platform’s new A.I. detector. Guests: Claire Stapleton, author of “Don’t Be Evil: Bad Bosses, Fake Promises, and My Escape from Big Tech.” Additional Reading: Nvidia Forms Alliance to Back Open-Source A.I. Amid Debate Over Safety What Is Open-Weights A.I.? Mark Zuckerberg Blasts Centralization of A.I. Power The Voice of Google Against Claudefishing We want to hear from you. Email us at [email protected]. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via yo

Sarah Wang and Kimberly Tan are joined by Jesse Zhang and Ashwin Sreenivas, co-founders of Decagon, to discuss the evolution of enterprise AI agents, why the company increasingly relies on open-source models, and how it is helping some of the world’s largest companies deploy AI in production. Decagon has become one of the fastest-growing AI companies by building agents that automate customer support, sales, and operational workflows. Jesse, Decagon’s CEO, and Ashwin, its president, explain how the company is building enterprise AI at scale. They unpack why Decagon moved most of its inference to open-source models, how latency, evaluation, and fine-tuning shape production AI systems, and why enterprise AI requires far more than simply plugging into frontier models. The conversation also explores forward-deployed engineering, enterprise sales, AI’s impact on jobs, and why application companies will continue to thrive alongside the foundation model labs. Resources: Follow Jesse Zhang on X

Sarah Wang and Kimberly Tan are joined by Jesse Zhang and Ashwin Sreenivas, co-founders of Decagon, to discuss the evolution of enterprise AI agents, why the company increasingly relies on open-source models, and how it is helping some of the world’s largest companies deploy AI in production. Decagon has become one of the fastest-growing AI companies by building agents that automate customer support, sales, and operational workflows. Jesse, Decagon’s CEO, and Ashwin, its president, explain how the company is building enterprise AI at scale. They unpack why Decagon moved most of its inference to open-source models, how latency, evaluation, and fine-tuning shape production AI systems, and why enterprise AI requires far more than simply plugging into frontier models. The conversation also explores forward-deployed engineering, enterprise sales, AI’s impact on jobs, and why application companies will continue to thrive alongside the foundation model labs. Resources: Follow Jesse Zhang on X

Alex Rampell and Olivia Moore speak with Lassie cofounders Steijn Pelle and Frédéric Renken about bringing AI to one of the most overlooked parts of the economy: small businesses. Inspired by time spent working inside dental practices, Pelle and Renken set out to automate the administrative work that keeps healthcare providers away from patients. They discuss how AI agents are changing billing, insurance claims, patient payments, and other operational workflows, allowing practices to spend less time on paperwork and more time delivering care. The conversation explores AI agents, software that performs work rather than simply storing information, onboarding AI into real-world businesses, and why healthcare administration offers one of the biggest opportunities for automation. Along the way, they discuss product design, go-to-market strategy, and what it takes to build AI systems that operate reliably in complex business environments. Resources: Follow Steijn Pelle on X: https://x.com/st

In this episode of Lexicon, we sit down with Tiffany Nwahiri, founder and CEO of 3rd + Taylor, to unpack how marketing teams can still drive growth when budgets are tight, jobs are shrinking, and AI is changing the rules. Tiffany shares why “pipeline over perfection” matters, how to make your website your best salesperson, and why the winners will be marketers who learn to leverage AI, not fear it. Also, don’t forget to subscribe to IE+ for premium insights and exclusive content!

Justine Moore, partner at Andreessen Horowitz, joins New Economies to explore the rapid evolution of generative media and why AI-native content is reaching an inflection point. They discuss the rise of AI micro-dramas, how creators are building entirely new forms of entertainment, and why the biggest opportunities may lie not in replacing Hollywood—but in expanding who gets to create. They also cover the future of creator tools, AI agents for individuals, generative video, AI "slop," the economics of AI-native studios, and where founders should be building next as consumer AI enters a new phase. Resources: Follow Justine Moore on X: https://x.com/venturetwins Watch the episode on YouTube: https://www.neweconomies.co/p/justine -moore-andreessen-horowitz https://www.neweconomies.co/ Stay Updated: Find a16z on YouTube: YouTube Find a16z on X Find a16z on LinkedIn Listen to the a16z Show on Spotify Listen to the a16z Show on Apple Podcasts Follow our host: https://twitter.com/eriktorenberg

Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/gary-gallagher-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://history.virginia.edu/people/gary-w-gallagher https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher https://amzn.to/4yletel https://amzn.to/3QT1jED https://amzn.to/4fdrbD5 https://amzn.to/4wFxk1X https://amzn.to/4vsAogU https://bit.ly/4gDX3mQ SPONSORS: Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. https://upwork.com/lex NetSuite: Business management software. http://netsuite.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhel

Last week, World Labs announced its acquisition of SceniX, bringing together two teams working on one of AI's biggest unsolved problems: how to give machines a true understanding of the physical world. Martin Casado sits down with Fei-Fei Li, co-founder and CEO of World Labs, creator of ImageNet, and pioneer of spatial intelligence, alongside Yunzhu Li, co-founder of SceniX and assistant professor at Columbia University. They discuss why World Labs acquired SceniX, how simulation can unlock the next generation of robotics, and why training robots may require a fundamentally different approach than training language models. The conversation explores real-to-sim-to-real pipelines, world models, robotics foundation models, evaluation, synthetic data, and why the future of AI depends not just on understanding language—but on understanding and interacting with the physical world. Resources: Follow Fei-Fei Li on X: https://x.com/drfeifei Follow Yunzhu Li on X: https://x.com/YunzhuLiYZ Follow

Steven Sinofsky joins Theo Jaffee and Sofia Puccini for a conversation on AI regulation, open-source models, and what history can teach us about technological revolutions. Drawing on decades of experience leading products at Microsoft, Sinofsky argues that governments are rushing to regulate AI before they fully understand the technology, risking innovation in the process. They discuss the "precautionary principle," why open source has historically accelerated innovation, the role of regulation in emerging technologies, the AI competition between the U.S. and China, and why existing laws may already address many of the risks people attribute to AI. Resources: Follow Steven Sinofsky on X: https://x.com/stevesi Follow Theo Jaffee on X: https://x.com/theojaffee Follow Sofia Puccini on X: https://x.com/schisofrenia Stay Updated: Find a16z on YouTube: YouTube Find a16z on X Find a16z on LinkedIn Listen to the a16z Show on Spotify Listen to the a16z Show on Apple Podcasts Follow our host: ht

Ben Horowitz joins Theo Jaffee and Sofia Puccini to discuss one of the biggest debates in AI today: the future of open-source models. They examine the growing push to restrict open models, why Ben believes open source is critical for security, innovation, and competition, and what happens if a handful of frontier labs come to dominate the AI ecosystem. They also discuss distillation, AI monopolies, China's role in open-source AI, robotics, manufacturing, the economics of frontier models, and why Ben believes the AI market is still in its earliest stages. The conversation closes with a look at AI-generated art, creativity, and whether new tools will spark the next cultural renaissance. Resources: Follow Ben Horowitz on X: https://x.com/bhorowitz Follow Theo Jaffee on X: https://x.com/theojaffee Follow Sofia Puccini on X: https://x.com/schisofrenia Stay Updated: Find a16z on YouTube: YouTube Find a16z on X Find a16z on LinkedIn Listen to the a16z Show on Spotify Listen to the a16z Show o

This week, OpenAI reported that two of its models escaped their testing sandbox and launched an autonomous cyberattack, turning what sounds like science fiction into reality. We discuss the implications for efforts to align artificial intelligence and for the release of future A.I. models. Then, we ask how the United States should respond to Kimi K3, a new A.I. model from the Chinese company Moonshot AI that the White House says was built by distilling American models. Finally, we’re joined by Veniamin Veselovsky, the chief executive and a co-founder of Preseen, to discuss A.I. superforecasting. He tells us why A.I. is starting to match and even beat humans at predicting the future. Guest: Veniamin Veselovsky, co-founder and chief executive of Preseen. Additional Reading: OpenAI Says Its A.I. Models Went Rogue and Attacked a Digital Library China Rewrites the ‘Soft Power’ Playbook for the A.I. Age The Secret Trump Administration Battle to Fight Chinese A.I. China Has a New Top Model Th

Sriram Krishnan joins Theo Jaffee and Sofia Puccini just after concluding his tenure as Senior White House Policy Advisor on AI to discuss one of the biggest weeks yet for open-source AI. They unpack the rapid release of models including Kimi K3 and Qwen, why open models are putting pressure on frontier labs, and what it means for pricing, competition, and the future of AI infrastructure. They also discuss AI policy, distillation, cybersecurity, the role of open-weight models, whether the U.S. should respond to China's growing AI capabilities, and how governments and frontier labs should navigate the next phase of AI development. Resources: Follow Sriram Krishnan on X: https://x.com/sriramk Follow Theo Jaffee on X: https://x.com/theojaffee Follow Sofia Puccini on X: https://x.com/schisofrenia Stay Updated: Find a16z on YouTube: YouTube Find a16z on X Find a16z on LinkedIn Listen to the a16z Show on Spotify Listen to the a16z Show on Apple Podcasts Follow our host: https://twitter.com/e