Podcasts

This week, Australia implemented the most aggressive social media ban in a democracy to date, kicking children under 16 off 10 of the most popular social platforms. We discuss how the platforms lost the argument around child safety and whether others will follow Australia’s lead. Then, the blogger Andy Masley joins us to separate fact from fiction on the topic of A.I. water use. Is it a distraction from other more pressing environmental concerns? And finally, our first-ever “Hard Fork” Wrapped: We break down our favorite “Hard Fork” stats from 2025 and bring you up to date on three of our biggest stories of the year. Guests: Andy Masley, blogger The Weird Turn Pro Additional Reading: A Grand Social Media Experiment Begins in Australia The A.I. water issue is fake Why Is Everyone So Wrong About A.I. Water Use? Trump Signs Executive Order to Neuter State A.I. Laws Trump Clears Sale of More Powerful Nvidia A.I. Chips to China We Asked Roblox’s C.E.O. About Child Safety. It Got Tense. We w

Matt Knight spent five years as OpenAI’s CISO. Now he runs what colleagues call “the most interesting job at the company”: leading Aardvark, an AI agent that finds security vulnerabilities the way a human researcher would—by reading code, writing tests, and proposing patches. It recently found a memory corruption bug in OpenSSH, one of the most heavily audited codebases in existence. In this conversation with a16z’s Joel de la Garza, Matt traces the evolution from GPT-3 (which couldn’t analyze security logs at all) to GPT-4 (which could parse Russian cybercriminal chat logs written in slang) to today’s models that discover bugs humans have missed for decades. They also discussed the XZ Utils backdoor that nearly compromised half the internet and why 3.5 million unfilled security jobs might finally get some relief, and how Aardvark could give open source maintainers a fighting chance against nation-state attackers. If you enjoyed this episode, please be sure to like, subscribe, and shar

It’s A.I. model rollout season in Silicon Valley, and OpenAI appears to be feeling the pressure. Sam Altman, the chief executive of OpenAI, sent a memo to staff on Monday declaring a “code red” effort to improve ChatGPT and delay other initiatives. We explain why the latest frontier models from Google and Anthropic have OpenAI spooked and how the company is reshuffling priorities to respond. Then, we give our honest thoughts on which A.I models we like best and share how we’re using A.I. in our day-to-day lives. And finally, we take a look at some of the most popular A.I.-generated content on the internet this week in our latest installment of the Hard Fork Review of Slop. Additional Reading: What OpenAI Did When ChatGPT Users Lost Touch With Reality Google Unveils Gemini 3, With Improved Coding and Search Abilities Tourists Tricked by Fake Royal Christmas Market Deepfake of North Carolina lawmaker used in award-winning Whirlpool video We want to hear from you. Email us at hardfork@nyt

Most companies still rely on dashboards to understand their data, even though AI now offers new ways to ask questions and explore information. Barry McCardel, CEO of Hex and former engineer at Palantir, joins a16z General Partner Sarah Wang to discuss how agent workflows, conversational interfaces, and context-aware models are reshaping analysis. Barry also explains how Hex aims to make everyone a data person by unifying analysis and AI in one workflow, and he reflects on his post about getting rid of their AI product team and the process behind Hex’s funny launch videos. Timecodes: 0:00 – The problem with dashboards 1:20 – The evolution of data teams and AI’s role 2:05 – Democratizing data: challenges and opportunities 3:45 – The rise of agentive workflows 9:48 – Threads and the changing UI of data analysis 13:16 – Building AI agents: lessons from the notebook agent 16:12 – Model capabilities and the future of AI in data 19:10 – The importance of context and trust in data analysis 24:

In this episode of Lexicon, we speak with Dr. Péter Fankhauser, CEO of ANYbotics, and Jasmine Assefi, Key Account Manager for Oil, Gas, and Chemicals, about how robotics is transforming operations at Equinor’s Northern Lights CO₂ storage project—the world’s first open-access carbon transport and storage facility. Together, they explore how “Roberta,” an ANYbotics robot deployed by Equinor, is redefining industrial autonomy, safety, and sustainability. Also, don’t forget to subscribe to IE+ for premium insights and exclusive content!

Ian Webster built PromptFoo after watching 200 million Discord users systematically dismantle his AI agent—now Fortune 10 companies pay him to break theirs before customers do. The "lethal trifecta" sounds academic until you realize it's already happening: untrusted input plus sensitive data plus an exfiltration channel equals the security incident that just cost a SaaS company its multi-tenancy guarantees. Webster's red-teaming agents don't use signatures—they have 30,000 conversations with your system, socially engineering their way past guardrails the same way a teenager with emojis convinced ChatGPT to leak data, except his tools find the vulnerability before your users become the pen testers. Follow Ian Webster on X: https://x.com/iwebst Follow Joel on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/3448827723723234/ Check out everything a16z is doing with artificial intelligence here, including articles, projects, and more podcasts. Please note that the content here is for informational pu

Michael Levin is a biologist at Tufts University working on novel ways to understand and control complex pattern formation in biological systems. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep486-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/michael-levin-2-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://x.com/drmichaellevin https://drmichaellevin.org https://drmichaellevin.org/publications/ https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00880 https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.05375 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38636560/ https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10346 https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abf1571 SPONSORS: Shopify: Sell stuff online. https://shopify.com/lex CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. https://coderabbit.ai/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://dr

Last year we debuted Hard Fork’s 100 Most Iconic Technologies list, in which we ranked the technologies from across all of history that best define life as we know it. To our surprise, it became one of our most popular episodes ever. So now we’re doing it again — with a twist. All year, we’ve been collecting ideas for the 50 Most Iconic Technologies of 2025, and this week we present them to you, along with our case for why each entry played an important part in defining this year, for better or worse. Additional Reading: Check out last year’s list: Hard Fork’s 100 Most Iconic Technologies Meet the Artist Who Bedazzled Naomi Osaka’s Labubus We want to hear from you. Email us at [email protected]. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via your favorite podcast app here https://www.nytimes.com/activate-access/audio?source=podcatcher. For more podcasts and narrated articles, download The N

Last month our colleague Lulu Garcia-Navarro had a conversation with Wikipedia’s co-founder Jimmy Wales about the challenges the site is facing — including by right-wing influencers who claim it is biased and by A.I. chatbots that compete with its content. We found the conversation interesting, and think you might too. So to tide you over until our special holiday episode on Friday, we’re bringing you that conversation from the New York Times podcast “The Interview.” Guests: Jimmy Wales, co-founder of Wikipedia and author of “The Seven Rules of Trust: A Blueprint for Building Things That Last” Additional Reading: The Culture Wars Came for Wikipedia. Jimmy Wales Is Staying the Course. Elon Musk Challenges Wikipedia With His Own A.I. Encyclopedia Elon Musk Groks Wikipedia We want to hear from you. Email us at [email protected]. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via your favorite podc

Sourcegraph's CTO just revealed why 90% of his code now comes from agents—and why the Chinese models powering America's AI future should terrify Washington. While Silicon Valley obsesses over AGI apocalypse scenarios, Beyang Liu's team discovered something darker: every competitive open-source coding model they tested traces back to Chinese labs, and US companies have gone silent after releasing Llama 3. The regulatory fear that killed American open-source development isn't hypothetical anymore—it's already handed the infrastructure layer of the AI revolution to Beijing, one fine-tuned model at a time. Resources: Follow Beyang Liu on X: https://x.com/beyang Follow Martin Casado on X: https://x.com/martin_casado Follow Guido Appenzeller on X: https://x.com/appenz Stay Updated: If you enjoyed this episode, be sure to like, subscribe, and share with your friends! Find a16z on X: https://x.com/a16z Find a16z on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/a16z Listen to the a16z Podcast on S

Roblox's popularity has exploded among kids since the pandemic. Today Roblox has more than 150 million daily active users, and functions as one of the primary online gathering places for preteens. But precisely because Roblox is so popular with children, it has also attracted the attention of adult predators. This week we’re joined by Roblox chief executive David Baszucki for a conversation about how the company is responding to allegations that it has become unsafe for children, and the new measures the gaming platform says it’s now implementing to protect them. Guests: David Baszucki, chief executive of Roblox Additional Reading: Roblox Sued for Wrongful Death After Teenager’s Suicide Generation Alpha’s FarmVille Is Growing Like Crazy in Roblox We want to hear from you. Email us at [email protected]. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via your favorite podcast app here https://www

Ryo Lu spent years watching his designs die in meetings. Then he discovered the tool that lets designers ship code at the speed of thought: Cursor, the company where Ryo is now Head of Design. In this episode, we discuss why "taste" is the wrong framework for understanding the future, why purposeful apps are "selfish," how System 7 holds secrets about AI interfaces, and the radical bet that one codebase can serve everyone if you design the concepts right instead of the buttons. Follow Ryo Lu on X: https://x.com/ryolu_ Check Out Ryo’s Website: https://os.ryo.lu/ Follow Jennifer Li on X: https://x.com/JenniferHli Follow Erik Torenberg on X: https://x.com/eriktorenberg Check out everything a16z is doing with artificial intelligence here, including articles, projects, and more podcasts. Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed

In this episode, we talk with Barun Kar, CEO and co-founder of Upscale AI, a company rethinking the hidden backbone of artificial intelligence: the network. Barun explains why today’s AI systems are hitting a wall, and how open-standard infrastructure could unlock faster, cheaper, and more democratic AI for everyone. Also, don’t forget to subscribe to IE+ for premium insights and exclusive content!

Google’s much anticipated new large language model Gemini 3 begins rolling out today. We’ll tell you what we learned from an early product briefing and bring you our conversation with Google executives Demis Hassabis and Josh Woodward, just ahead of the launch. Guests: Demis Hassabis, chief executive and co-founder of Google DeepMind Josh Woodward, vice president of Google Labs and Google Gemini Additional Reading: The Man Who ‘A.G.I.-Pilled’ Google We want to hear from you. Email us at [email protected]. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via your favorite podcast app here https://www.nytimes.com/activate-access/audio?source=podcatcher. For more podcasts and narrated articles, download The New York Times app at nytimes.com/app. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

The Stanford PhD who built DSPy thought he was just creating better prompts—until he realized he'd accidentally invented a new paradigm that makes LLMs actually programmable. While everyone obsesses over whether LLMs will get us to AGI, Omar Khattab is solving a more urgent problem: the gap between what you want AI to do and your ability to tell it, the absence of a real programming language for intent. He argues the entire field has been approaching this backwards, treating natural language prompts as the interface when we actually need something between imperative code and pure English, and the implications could determine whether AI systems remain unpredictable black boxes or become the reliable infrastructure layer everyone's betting on. Follow Omar Khattab on X: https://x.com/lateinteraction Follow Martin Casado on X: https://x.com/martin_casado Check out everything a16z is doing with artificial intelligence here, including articles, projects, and more podcasts. Please note that t

David Kirtley is a nuclear fusion engineer and CEO of Helion Energy, a company working on building the world’s first commercial fusion power plant by 2028. https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep485-sc Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/david-kirtley-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: https://x.com/dekirtley https://bit.ly/4qX0KXp https://www.helionenergy.com/ https://youtube.com/HelionEnergy SPONSORS: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. https://upliftdesk.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. https://fin.ai/lex Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. https://miro.com/ LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. https://drinkLMNT.com/lex BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. https://betterhelp.com/lex Shopif

This week, we talk about Google’s new plan to build data centers in space. Then, we’re joined by Dean Ball, a former adviser at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. Ball worked on the Trump administration’s A.I. Action Plan, and he shares his inside view on how those policies came together. Finally, Professor Mark Humphries joins us to talk about a strange Gemini model that offered mind-blowing results on a challenging research problem. Guests: Dean Ball, senior fellow at the Foundation for American Innovation and former White House senior policy adviser for artificial intelligence and emerging technology Mark Humphries, professor of history at Wilfrid Laurier University Additional Reading: Towards a Future Space-Based, Highly Scalable A.I. Infrastructure System Design What It's Like to Work at the White House Has Google Quietly Solved Two of AI’s Oldest Problems? We want to hear from you. Email us at [email protected]. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Sub

If you can’t robustly protect your secrets, you can’t have reliable AI agents. In this episode, Truffle Security cofounder and CEO Dylan Ayrey joins a16z partner Joel de la Garza to discuss the emergent security stack for AI agents, why leaks are actually getting worse, and how Truffle evolved from an open-source side project to a major VC-backed startup. Follow Dylan here: https://x.com/InsecureNature Follow Joel here: https://www.linkedin.com/in/3448827723723234/ Check out everything a16z is doing with artificial intelligence here, including articles, projects, and more podcasts. Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures. Hosted by Simplecas

This week, we’re joined by Bernt Bornich, chief executive of 1X. We talked with him about NEO, his company’s new humanoid robot, which has the internet buzzing. Then we meet NEO itself, and compare notes on the experience. Finally, we close the week with a roundup of tech news headlines: It’s time for some HatGPT. Guests: Bernt Bornich, chief executive of 1X Additional Reading: I Tried the Robot That’s Coming to Live With You. It’s Still Part Human. Invasion of the Home Humanoid Robots There Are More Robots Working in China Than the Rest of the World Combined Trump Pardons Founder of the Crypto Exchange Binance For Podcasters, a Voice Clone Is a Double-Edged Sword We want to hear from you. Email us at [email protected]. Find “Hard Fork” on YouTube and TikTok. Subscribe today at nytimes.com/podcasts or on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. You can also subscribe via your favorite podcast app here https://www.nytimes.com/activate-access/audio?source=podcatcher. For more podcasts and narrated

In this episode, a16z General Partner Martin Casado sits down with Ovais Tariq, Cofounder and CEO of Tigris Data, to discuss why independent storage is so hard, what operating your own datacenters is like, and what’s in store for the future of cloud. Resources Follow Ovais on X: https://x.com/ovaistariq Follow Tigris Data on X: https://x.com/tigrisdata Follow Martin on X: https://x.com/martin_casado Check out everything a16z is doing with artificial intelligence here, including articles, projects, and more podcasts. Please note that the content here is for informational purposes only; should NOT be taken as legal, business, tax, or investment advice or be used to evaluate any investment or security; and is not directed at any investors or potential investors in any a16z fund. a16z and its affiliates may maintain investments in the companies discussed. For more details please see a16z.com/disclosures. Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about ou